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Friction welding

Solid-state pressure welding: the joint is created by the heat generated by friction and the axial compressive force, without melting the base materials and without filler material or shielding gas.

Friction welding is a type of pressure welding in which the two surfaces to be welded are rotated relative to each other and pressed together with the appropriate force.

On the contact surfaces, friction heats the metal and brings it into a plastic state; heat and pressure then create the cohesive bond at atomic level.

Friction welding allows parts of complex geometry to be assembled from simple elements.

Thanks to its joint strength, process stability and repeatability, friction welding is suitable for prototype development, pilot series production and high-volume series production alike.

Friction-welded bars with temper colours along the joint line
Material combination

Material combinations

As no melt forms during the process, material pairs can be joined that cannot, or can only to a limited extent, be combined by fusion welding, for example aluminium and copper, or high-speed steel and carbon steel.

Weldability matrix · 22 material familiesClick a cell for details.
MaterialAluminium and aluminium alloysAluminium PMCast iron (GJS, GJM)High-speed steel (HSS)Cemented carbideChromiumCopper and copper alloysMagnesium and magnesium alloysMolybdenumNickel and nickel alloysNickel alloy PMNiobiumUnalloyed steel (carbon steel)Low-alloy steelHigh-alloy steelCast steelSteel PMFree-cutting steelTitanium and titanium alloysTitanium aluminideTungsten PMTungsten-copper PM
Aluminium and aluminium alloys
Aluminium PM
Cast iron (GJS, GJM)
High-speed steel (HSS)
Cemented carbide
Chromium
Copper and copper alloys
Magnesium and magnesium alloys
Molybdenum
Nickel and nickel alloys
Nickel alloy PM
Niobium
Unalloyed steel (carbon steel)
Low-alloy steel
High-alloy steel
Cast steel
Steel PM
Free-cutting steel
Titanium and titanium alloys
Titanium aluminide
Tungsten PM
Tungsten-copper PM
Weldable No data

Cost examples

Parts

Applications

Two hydraulic piston rods on a white background: polished steel rod and forged eye end
Piston rod
Three cardan shafts on a white background, with yoke end and splined connection
Cardan shaft
Three turbocharger turbine wheels of different sizes with shafts, on a white background
Turbocharger turbine wheel
Twist drill and plain shank on a white background, meeting at the joint
Cutting tool
Forged eye rod end welded to a threaded shank, on a white background
Rod end with eye
Brake camshaft on a white background: splined shaft and cam head
Brake camshaft
Flanged shaft on a white background, the flange and the thin shank meeting at the joint
Flanged shaft
Ribbed rebar on a white background, with a disc head welded to its end
Headed rebar
Advantages

Combining metals Materials with different chemical compositions and mechanical properties can be used within a single part. Expensive materials can be limited to where the application requires them. For example, a heat-resistant valve head and a wear-resistant valve stem.

Joint quality A uniform, cohesive bond at atomic level, supervised by an automatic quality control system.

Concentricity Our machines weld within concentricity tolerances as tight as a tenth of a millimetre.

Request a quote

Send us the part drawing, the material combination and the planned quantity. We assess whether the part is suitable for friction welding and propose how to produce it: by contract friction welding or on a machine adapted to the task. In every case, we validate the process by trial welding.
Request a quoteinfo@harlo.hu+36 70 561 9559